Antibiotic Uses: What They Treat and How to Use Them Right

Antibiotics fight bacterial infections, not viruses. That’s the key rule to remember. Use them when a doctor confirms or strongly suspects a bacterial infection—things like bronchitis from bacteria, certain ear infections, urinary tract infections (UTIs), skin infections, some dental infections, and bacterial pneumonia. If you’ve got a cold, the flu, or most sore throats, antibiotics usually won’t help.

Common Uses and Common Drugs

Different antibiotics work best for different bugs and body sites. For example, amoxicillin often treats ear infections and some respiratory infections. Doxycycline can be used for certain respiratory infections and acne. Ciprofloxacin is sometimes used for complicated UTIs but has side effects and restrictions. Azithromycin is common for chest infections and some STIs. Metronidazole treats certain gut and vaginal bacterial problems. Your prescriber picks the drug based on the infection, your allergies, age, pregnancy status, and any other medicines you take.

Smart, Safe Use

Follow the full course exactly. Stopping early can let bacteria survive and become resistant. Take pills at the same times each day, and finish the prescription even if you feel better. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it’s near the next dose—then skip the missed one. Never double up unless a clinician tells you to.

Watch for side effects. Upset stomach and diarrhea are common. Serious reactions like rash, breathing problems, or severe diarrhea (Clostridioides difficile risk) need immediate care. Tell your doctor about allergies—penicillin and sulfa allergies are common and change which antibiotic is safe.

Antibiotic resistance is real and growing. Using antibiotics only when needed, using the right antibiotic, and not sharing meds with others slows resistance. Doctors sometimes prescribe tests (like urine cultures or throat swabs) to pick the best drug instead of guessing.

Pregnancy, breastfeeding, kidney or liver problems change which antibiotics are safe. Always tell your provider if you’re pregnant or nursing. Kids need dosing by weight—never guess an adult dose for a child.

Buying antibiotics online? Read our reviews on online pharmacies and safety tips before ordering. We cover how to check licenses, prescription requirements, and red flags to avoid bad sites. Trusted pharmacies will ask for a valid prescription and show clear contact info.

If you’re unsure whether you need antibiotics, ask for a quick test or a follow-up plan—many infections improve without them, or a watchful wait is safe. When prescribed, use them responsibly: finish the course, watch for reactions, and keep your provider updated if symptoms don’t improve within the expected time.